Haystack

Haystack is the open-source Python framework by Deepset for building custom apps with large language models (LLMs). It lets you try out the latest models in natural language processing (NLP), and it’s flexible to work with. Its community of users and builders has helped shape Haystack into a complete framework for building NLP apps for production. You can use the Haystack and Pinecone integration to keep your NLP-driven apps up to date, with Haystack’s indexing pipelines to help you prepare and maintain your data.

Setup guide

This guide shows how to integrate Pinecone and the Haystack library for question answering.

Install Haystack

Install the latest version of Haystack with all dependencies required for the PineconeDocumentStore.

Python

pip install -U farm-haystack>=1.3.0 pinecone[grpc] datasets

Initialize the PineconeDocumentStore

Initialize a PineconeDocumentStore by providing an API key and environment name. Create an account to get your free API key.

Python

from haystack.document_stores import PineconeDocumentStore

document_store = PineconeDocumentStore(
    api_key='<YOUR_API_KEY>',
    index='haystack-extractive-qa',
    similarity="cosine",
    embedding_dim=384
)

INFO - haystack.document_stores.pinecone -  Index statistics: name: haystack-extractive-qa, embedding dimensions: 384, record count: 0

Prepare data

Before you add data to the document store, you must download the data and convert it into the Document format that Haystack uses. This guide uses the SQuAD dataset available from Hugging Face Datasets.

Python

from datasets import load_dataset

# load the squad dataset
data = load_dataset("squad", split="train")

Next, remove duplicates and unnecessary columns.

Python

# convert to a pandas dataframe
df = data.to_pandas()
# select only title and context column
df = df[["title", "context"]]
# drop rows containing duplicate context passages
df = df.drop_duplicates(subset="context")
df.head()

title	context
0	University_of_Notre_Dame	Architecturally, the school has a Catholic cha…
5	University_of_Notre_Dame	As at most other universities, Notre Dame’s st…
10	University_of_Notre_Dame	The university is the major seat of the Congre…
15	University_of_Notre_Dame	The College of Engineering was established in …
20	University_of_Notre_Dame	All of Notre Dame’s undergraduate students are…

Then convert these records into the Document format.

Python

from haystack import Document

docs = []
for d in df.iterrows():
    d = d[1]
    # create haystack document object with text content and doc metadata
    doc = Document(
        content=d["context"],
        meta={
            "title": d["title"],
            'context': d['context']
        }
    )
    docs.append(doc)

This Document format contains two fields: content for the text content or paragraphs, and meta for any additional information you can later use to apply metadata filtering in your search. Upsert the documents to Pinecone.

Python

# upsert the data document to pinecone index
document_store.write_documents(docs)

Initialize retriever

The next step is to create embeddings from these documents. This guide uses Haystack’s EmbeddingRetriever with a SentenceTransformer model (multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1), which is designed for question answering.

Python

from haystack.retriever.dense import EmbeddingRetriever

retriever = EmbeddingRetriever(
    document_store=document_store,
    embedding_model="multi-qa-MiniLM-L6-cos-v1",
    model_format="sentence_transformers"
)

Then run the PineconeDocumentStore.update_embeddings method with the retriever provided as an argument. GPU acceleration can greatly reduce the time required for this step.

Python

document_store.update_embeddings(
    retriever,
    batch_size=16
)

Inspect documents and embeddings

You can get documents by their ID with the PineconeDocumentStore.get_documents_by_id method.

Python

d = document_store.get_documents_by_id(ids=['49091c797d2236e73fab510b1e9c7f6b'], return_embedding=True)[0]

From here, you can view document content with d.content and the document embedding with d.embedding.

Initialize an extractive QA pipeline

An ExtractiveQAPipeline contains three key components by default:

a document store (PineconeDocumentStore)
a retriever model
a reader model

This guide uses the deepset/electra-base-squad2 model from the Hugging Face model hub as the reader model.

Python

from haystack.nodes import FARMReader

reader = FARMReader(
    model_name_or_path='deepset/electra-base-squad2', 
    use_gpu=True
)

Now initialize the ExtractiveQAPipeline.

Python

from haystack.pipelines import ExtractiveQAPipeline

pipe = ExtractiveQAPipeline(reader, retriever)

Ask questions

Use your QA pipeline to start querying with pipe.run.

Python

from haystack.utils import print_answers

query = "What was Albert Einstein famous for?"
# get the answer
answer = pipe.run(
    query=query,
    params={
        "Retriever": {"top_k": 1},
    }
)
# print the answer(s)
print_answers(answer)

Inferencing Samples: 100%|██████████| 1/1 [00:00<00:00,  3.53 Batches/s]

Query: What was Albert Einstein famous for?
Answers:
[   <Answer {
    'answer': 'his theories of special relativity and general relativity', 'type': 'extractive', 'score': 0.993550717830658,
    'context': 'Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics,',
    'offsets_in_document': [{'start': 29, 'end': 86}],
    'offsets_in_context': [{'start': 29, 'end': 86}], 
    'document_id': '23357c05e3e46bacea556705de1ea6a5',
    'meta': {
        'context': 'Albert Einstein is known for his theories of special relativity and general relativity. He also made important contributions to statistical mechanics, especially his mathematical treatment of Brownian motion, his resolution of the paradox of specific heats, and his connection of fluctuations and dissipation. Despite his reservations about its interpretation, Einstein also made contributions to quantum mechanics and, indirectly, quantum field theory, primarily through his theoretical studies of the photon.', 'title': 'Modern_history'
    }
}>]

Python

query = "How much oil is Egypt producing in a day?"
# get the answer
answer = pipe.run(
    query=query,
    params={
        "Retriever": {"top_k": 1},
    }
)
# print the answer(s)
print_answers(answer)

Inferencing Samples: 100%|██████████| 1/1 [00:00<00:00,  3.81 Batches/s]

Query: How much oil is Egypt producing in a day?
Answers:
[   <Answer {
    'answer': '691,000 bbl/d', 'type': 'extractive', 'score': 0.9999906420707703,
    'context': 'Egypt was producing 691,000 bbl/d of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas (in 2013), which makes Egypt as the largest oil producer not member of the Or',
    'offsets_in_document': [{'start': 20, 'end': 33}],
    'offsets_in_context': [{'start': 20, 'end': 33}],
    'document_id': '57ed9720050a17237e323da5e3969a9b',
    'meta': {
        'context': 'Egypt was producing 691,000 bbl/d of oil and 2,141.05 Tcf of natural gas (in 2013), which makes Egypt as the largest oil producer not member of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the second-largest dry natural gas producer in Africa. In 2013, Egypt was the largest consumer of oil and natural gas in Africa, as more than 20% of total oil consumption and more than 40% of total dry natural gas consumption in Africa. Also, Egypt possesses the largest oil refinery capacity in Africa 726,000 bbl/d (in 2012). Egypt is currently planning to build its first nuclear power plant in El Dabaa city, northern Egypt.', 'title': 'Egypt'
    }
}>]

Python

query = "What are the first names of the youtube founders?"
# get the answer
answer = pipe.run(
    query=query,
    params={
        "Retriever": {"top_k": 1},
    }
)
# print the answer(s)
print_answers(answer)

Inferencing Samples: 100%|██████████| 1/1 [00:00<00:00,  3.83 Batches/s]

Query: What are the first names of the youtube founders?
Answers:
[   <Answer {
    'answer': 'Hurley and Chen', 'type': 'extractive', 'score': 0.9998972713947296,
    'context': 'According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after ',
    'offsets_in_document': [{'start': 64, 'end': 79}],
    'offsets_in_context': [{'start': 64, 'end': 79}],
    'document_id': 'bd1cbd61ab617d840c5f295e21e80092',
    'meta': {
        'context': 'According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen\'s apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".', 'title': 'YouTube'
    }
}>]

You can return multiple answers by setting the top_k parameter.

Python

query = "Who was the first person to step foot on the moon?"
# get the answer
answer = pipe.run(
    query=query,
    params={
        "Retriever": {"top_k": 3},
    }
)
# print the answer(s)
print_answers(answer)

Inferencing Samples: 100%|██████████| 1/1 [00:00<00:00,  3.71 Batches/s]
Inferencing Samples: 100%|██████████| 1/1 [00:00<00:00,  3.78 Batches/s]
Inferencing Samples: 100%|██████████| 1/1 [00:00<00:00,  3.88 Batches/s]

Query: Who was the first person to step foot on the moon?
Answers:
[   <Answer {
    'answer': 'Armstrong', 'type': 'extractive', 'score': 0.9998227059841156, 
    'context': 'The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after ', 
    'offsets_in_document': [{'start': 71, 'end': 80}], 
    'offsets_in_context': [{'start': 71, 'end': 80}], 
    'document_id': 'f74e1bf667e68d72e45437a7895df921', 
    'meta': {
        'context': 'The trip to the Moon took just over three days. After achieving orbit, Armstrong and Aldrin transferred into the Lunar Module, named Eagle, and after a landing gear inspection by Collins remaining in the Command/Service Module Columbia, began their descent. After overcoming several computer overload alarms caused by an antenna switch left in the wrong position, and a slight downrange error, Armstrong took over manual flight control at about 180 meters (590 ft), and guided the Lunar Module to a safe landing spot at 20:18:04 UTC, July 20, 1969 (3:17:04 pm CDT). The first humans on the Moon would wait another six hours before they ventured out of their craft. At 02:56 UTC, July 21 (9:56 pm CDT July 20), Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon.', 'title': 'Space_Race'
        }
    }>, <Answer {
    'answer': 'Frank Borman', 'type': 'extractive', 'score': 0.7770257890224457, 
    'context': 'On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They ', 
    'offsets_in_document': [{'start': 22, 'end': 34}], 
    'offsets_in_context': [{'start': 22, 'end': 34}], 
    'document_id': '2bc046ba90d94fe201ccde9d20552200', 
    'meta': {
        'context': "On December 21, 1968, Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders became the first humans to ride the Saturn V rocket into space on Apollo 8. They also became the first to leave low-Earth orbit and go to another celestial body, and entered lunar orbit on December 24. They made ten orbits in twenty hours, and transmitted one of the most watched TV broadcasts in history, with their Christmas Eve program from lunar orbit, that concluded with a reading from the biblical Book of Genesis. Two and a half hours after the broadcast, they fired their engine to perform the first trans-Earth injection to leave lunar orbit and return to the Earth. Apollo 8 safely landed in the Pacific ocean on December 27, in NASA's first dawn splashdown and recovery.", 'title': 'Space_Race'
        }
    }>, <Answer {
    'answer': 'Aldrin', 'type': 'extractive', 'score': 0.6680101901292801, 
    'context': ' were, "That\'s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later. Altogether, they spe', 
    'offsets_in_document': [{'start': 240, 'end': 246}], 
    'offsets_in_context': [{'start': 72, 'end': 78}], 
    'document_id': 'ae1c366b1eaf5fc9d32a8d81f76bd795', 
    'meta': {
        'context': 'The first step was witnessed by at least one-fifth of the population of Earth, or about 723 million people. His first words when he stepped off the LM\'s landing footpad were, "That\'s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind." Aldrin joined him on the surface almost 20 minutes later. Altogether, they spent just under two and one-quarter hours outside their craft. The next day, they performed the first launch from another celestial body, and rendezvoused back with Columbia.', 'title': 'Space_Race'
        }
    }>
]

Connect an integration

Build an integration

Setup guide

Install Haystack

Initialize the PineconeDocumentStore

Prepare data

Initialize retriever

Inspect documents and embeddings

Initialize an extractive QA pipeline

Ask questions

​Setup guide

​Install Haystack

​Initialize the PineconeDocumentStore

​Prepare data

​Initialize retriever

​Inspect documents and embeddings

​Initialize an extractive QA pipeline

​Ask questions

Setup guide

Install Haystack

Initialize the PineconeDocumentStore

Prepare data

Initialize retriever

Inspect documents and embeddings

Initialize an extractive QA pipeline

Ask questions